The immune system in atherosclerosis and in acute myocardial infarction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a severe manifestation of systemic atherosclerotic disease that commonly refers to lower-extremity arterial involvement. The global burden of PAD is estimated to involve over 200 million patients, with prevalence increasing by 24% over the past decade.1 In contrast to myocardial infarction and stroke, which are declining in the USA, the […]

There are several beneficial effects of statins on the progression of atherosclerosis, and there have been significant advancements in pharmacotherapies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, substantial residual cardiovascular (CV) risk remains, and there is an unmet need to reduce the residual risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.1 There is increased focus on the role […]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the prevailing cause of death in the United States.1 Cancer, accidents and other prevalent causes of death, have a multitude of pathophysiologic and mechanistic underpinnings leading to mortality. Meanwhile, the majority of CVD is primarily attributable to atherosclerosis.2 Moreover, the degree of coronary calcification strongly correlates with the magnitude of atherosclerotic plaque burden, […]